User:Graeme Bartlett/thiogallate
Thiogallates are chemical compounds which contain anionic units of sulfur connected to gallium. They can be considered as gallates where sulfur substitutes for oxygen. Similar compounds include the selenogallates and thiostannates. They are in the category of chalcogenotrielates or more broadly chalcogenometallates.
Formation
[edit]Thiogallates may be produced by heating a metal azide with gallium monosulfide and sulfur in a sealed tube.
Thiogallates containing Se2 units are formed by heating with selenium. Conversely, by heating, extra sulfur vapour can be lost forming a compound with less sulfur.
Properties
[edit]Most thiogallates are semiconductors. Their resistance drops on exposure to light. Also thiogallates are often coloured, most often red.
Thiogallate structures can include rings such as the four-membered ring: [GaSGaS] or the five-membered [GaSSGaS]. These can be linked into chains.
Use
[edit]Thiogallates are primarily of research interest. They are being researched for photovoltaic cells where efficiencies over 20% are possible, and for photoconductors, and infrared non-linear optical devices.
List
[edit]| name | chem | mw | crystal system | space group | unit cell Å | volume | density | comment | CAS
no |
references |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| lithium thiogallate | LiGaS2 | 140.78 | orthorhombic | Pna21 | a=6.5133 b=7.8629 c=6.2175 Z=4 | 318.45 | 2.937 | rose tint | [1] | |
| NaGaS2 | monoclinic | C2/c | a 10.226 b 10.227 c 13.506 β 100.926° | 1389.9 | [2] | |||||
| NaGaS2•H2O | monoclinic | C2/c | a=9.5160 b=113986 c=17.8761 β=101.590 | 1899 | [2] | |||||
| AGS silver thiogallate | AgGaS2 | a = 5.757, c = 10.311 | 4.58 | yellow; IR NLO | [3] | |||||
| RbCd4Ga3S9 | [4] | |||||||||
| BHGS | Ba3HgGa2S7 | monoclinic | P21/c | a=12.2338 b=8.1690 c=14.7170 β=108.625 Z=4 | 1393.76 | 4.654 | red; band gap 3.64 eV | [5] | ||
| KHg4Ga3S9 | orthorhombic | C2221 | a=17.980 b=18.409 c=9.8822 Z=8 | 3271.0 | 5.439 | yellow; double helix | [4] |
References
[edit]- ^ Isaenko, L.; Yelisseyev, A.; Lobanov, S.; Titov, A.; Petrov, V.; Zondy, J.-J.; Krinitsin, P.; Merkulov, A.; Vedenyapin, V.; Smirnova, J. (April 2003). "Growth and properties of LiGaX2 (X = S, Se, Te) single crystals for nonlinear optical applications in the mid-IR". Crystal Research and Technology. 38 (35): 379–387. doi:10.1002/crat.200310047.
- ^ a b Adhikary, Amit; Yaghoobnejad Asl, Hooman; Sandineni, Prashanth; Balijapelly, Srikanth; Mohapatra, Sudip; Khatua, Sajal; Konar, Sanjit; Gerasimchuk, Nikolay; Chernatynskiy, Aleksandr V.; Choudhury, Amitava (2020-07-14). "Unusual Atmospheric Water Trapping and Water Induced Reversible Restacking of 2D Gallium Sulfide Layers in NaGaS 2 Formed by Supertetrahedral Building Unit". Chemistry of Materials. 32 (13): 5589–5603. doi:10.1021/acs.chemmater.0c00836. ISSN 0897-4756. S2CID 225832882.
- ^ "Silver Thiogallate (AgGaS2 or AGS)". www.mt-berlin.com. Retrieved 2022-04-12.
- ^ a b Yao, Wen-Dong; Huang, Xiao; Yan, Mei; Liu, Wenlong; Guo, Sheng-Ping (2023-08-03). "KHg 4 Ga 3 S 9 : A Hg-Based Sulfide with Nonlinear-Optical Activity in the A–M II –M III –Q (A = Alkali Metal; M II = d 10 Metal; M III = Ga, In; Q = S, Se) System". Inorganic Chemistry. doi:10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c02231. ISSN 0020-1669.
- ^ Huang, Xiao; Yang, Si-Han; Liu, Wenlong; Guo, Sheng-Ping (2022-08-10). "Ba 3 HgGa 2 S 7 : A Zero-Dimensional Quaternary Sulfide Featuring a Unique [Hg 2 Ga 4 S 14 ] 12– String and Exhibiting a High Photocurrent Response". Inorganic Chemistry: acs.inorgchem.2c01678. doi:10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c01678. ISSN 0020-1669.